A Brief Overview of Lyme disease and One Health Approach for its Control

Abstract

Lyme disease is a complex structured pathogenic infection induced by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. The primary dissemination of this infection is by the bite of a contaminated vector (tick). The purpose of this review paper is to signify the various factors that contribute to understanding the spread of Lyme disease globally. Epidemiological studies have shown that Lyme disease is common in shady or grassy areas where the population of ticks is high.  The ticks transmit B. burgdorferi from the asymptomatic host (rodents) that harbors the pathogens to the human hosts. The incidence rate of Lyme disease is significant in the Arctic region, causing public health infections due to modifications in ecosystems and mandeeds. Symptoms may include fever, flu, dermatitis, and inflammation of the heart and central nervous system in chronic cases. The disease can be diagnosed by performing PCR and serological tests for antibodies averse to Borrelia burgdorferi. The treatment includes effective antibiotics like Augmentin, Vibramycin, and Ceftrex depending on the phase of infection and condition of the patient and therapeutic vaccination strategies. The One Health perspective of Lyme disease connects human, animal, and environmental well-being by providing strategies to surveil tick ubiquity, educational public initiative, and collaboration of researchers for vaccine development. This review emphasizes the extensive outline of Lyme disease by discussing the historical background of the disease, clinical representation, interpretation of the pathogen, targeted therapies, and one health outlook for its management.